From football fields to military training grounds, head injuries are leaving lasting marks on the brain in ways we're only ...

Complement component 3, often called C3, is an essential protein of the immune system. This protein plays a vital role in the body’s innate immune system, providing: the first line of defense against ...

A complement C4 (also known as a complement component 4, or simply C4) is a test to measure the level of C4 proteins you have in your blood. These proteins play a role in how your immune system ...

Scientists discovered how macrophages, which act as the immune system's first line of defense, tailor their specific responses to various intruders through the independent and cooperative functions of ...

Our bodies response to invading pathogens through different mechanisms of the immune system. Innate immunity first detects disease and relays a defense signal to activate the second wave of immune ...

Swiss scientists have identified immune system abnormalities in patients with long COVID that might open the door to new diagnostic tests and treatments. The researchers found that a group of proteins ...

Scientists have found a way to supercharge the immune system’s T cells by blocking a protein called Ant2, essentially rewiring how these cells generate energy. This metabolic reprogramming makes them ...

Long Covid has long eluded scientists looking for its cause. Not knowing what triggers its persistent and distressing symptoms makes the condition challenging to treat; it’s hard to even say ...