Those who study human culture must grapple with what amounts to an incomplete data set, since researchers are limited to poring over the books, manuscripts, paintings, sculptures, and other artifacts ...

Using CT scanning on 16th-century books, researchers uncovered bits of parchment salvaged from handwritten manuscripts. By Katherine Kornei Even in medieval times, recycling was in vogue: Bits of ...

From the movement of stars to light streaming through stained-glass windows, light has long fascinated scientists and other thinkers. An exhibition at the Getty in Los Angeles explores how an emerging ...

To modern eyes, many medieval beliefs sound unbelievable — even absurd. Illness was blamed on sin, bad air, or demonic forces rather than bacteria. Bloodletting was prescribed as a cure for everything ...