Abstract: As one of the promising technologies, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and simultaneous transmitting and reflecting RIS (STAR-RIS) have attracted great interest. However, the ...

Abstract: This paper investigates simultaneous transmission and reflection reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) aided physical layer security (PLS) in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) ...

An algorithm is a set of instructions that helps computers solve problems. It forms the foundation of programming and plays a major role in software development, artificial intelligence, and modern ...

Algorithms are everywhere, even when we do not notice them. They help us search the web, navigate roads, and discover new content online. Understanding how algorithms work is one of the simplest ways ...