Abstract: Modular exponentiation (ME) that computes by repeating modular multiplications (M2), is main operation in public-key cryptosystems. In recent years, many researchers studied on improving M2 ...

Abstract: Discrete exponential operation, such as modular exponentiation and scalar multiplication on elliptic curves, is a basic operation of many public-key cryptosystems. However, the exponential ...

When fall has given way to winter and snow covers the ground while lights twinkle from house to house, you know that Christmas is coming. Christmas is one of the most important Christian and cultural ...